High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Labware

The polymerization of polyethylene results in an essentially straight chain, high molecular weight hydrocarbon. The polyethylenes are classified according to the relative degree of branching (side chain formation) in their molecular structures, which can be controlled with selective catalysts. HDPE has less side branching than LDPE resulting in a denser 3-D structure. As a result, HDPE is less flexible than LDPE and melts at a higher temperature (120°C). 

Like other polyolefins, HDPE is chemically inert. Strong oxidizing agents will eventually cause oxidation and embrittlement. HDPE has no solvent at room temperature. Aggressive solvents will cause softening or swelling, but these effects are normally reversible. HDPE can be damaged by long-term exposure to UV light.   

High density polyethylene is used to make Nalgene bottles, carboys, and other items where impact strength and long-term chemical compatibility are key requirements. HDPE is lower cost than many labware materials making it a good choice where economic savings and product value are appreciated. A wide variety of Nalgene bottles are made from HDPE. Use the Nalgene Bottle and Carboy Selection Guide to quickly find the bottle shape, size, and packaging configuration you’re looking for.

The following table contains general use exposure ratings at 20^oC. The ability of plastic materials to resist chemical attack and damage is dependent also on temperature, length of exposure to the chemical and added stresses such as centrifugation. For more detailed chemical resistance ratings for Nalgene products and materials, please consult the resources referenced at the bottom of this page.

*Except for oxidizing acids; for oxidizing acids, see "Oxidizing agents, strong."

Material identification
HDPE is not autoclavable, even though the maximum use temperature (120°C) is very close to the typical autoclave temperature (121°C). Many Nalgene products have the material identification molded into the product to help you determine the material of construction. For example, most Nalgene bottles have the material code (“HDPE”) molded into the bottom of the bottle. By knowing what plastic material your product is made from, you can make choices regarding appropriate applications for use.

Plastic aging
HDPE labware will age over time. If labware pieces are permanently discolored (yellow, brown, pink, etc.), if you see cracks or spiderweb-like “crazing” beginning to occur, it’s probably time to replace your old labware. A squeeze of your Nalgene HDPE bottle should feel stiff but pliable; if you instead hear or feel crackling, immediately retire your bottle and replace it to prevent failure in use. To slow the aging process and prolong the life of your HDPE labware, store products in a cabinet out of direct exposure with UV light (including overhead indoor lighting), use only with compatible chemicals, and wash with a pH-neutral detergent like Nalgene L900.

Recyclability
HDPE products are recyclable in most communities (recycle code 2). Most Nalgene HDPE products are reusable and will last a long time under typical lab conditions if used appropriately, but you can recycle them at the end of their lifetime as long as they are thoroughly cleaned for safe handling.  

Footnotes:
[1]. Heat Deflection Temperature is the temperature at which an injection molded bar deflects 0.1” when placed under 66 psig (ASTM D648) of pressure. Materials may be used above Heat Deflection Temperatures in non-stress applications; see Max. Use Temp.
[2]. Max. Use Temp. °C: this is related to the maximum continuous use temperature, ductile/brittle temperature and glass transition temperature, and represents the highest temperature at which the polymer can be exposed for the matter of minutes to 2 hours where there is little or no loss of strength.
[3]. The brittleness temperature is the temperature at which an item made from the resin may break or cracked if dropped. This is not the lowest-use temperature if care is exercised in use and handling.
[4]. STERILIZATION: Autoclaving (121°C, 15 psig for 20 minutes)—Clean and rinse items with distilled before autoclaving. (Always completely disengage thread before autoclaving.) Certain chemicals which have no appreciable effect on resins at room temperature may cause deterioration at autoclaving temperatures unless removed with distilled water before hand.
     EtO Gas—Ethylene Oxide: 100% EtO, EtO:Nitrogen mixture, EtO:HCFC mixture
     Dry Heat—exposure to 160°C for 120 minutes without stress/load on the polymer parts
     Disinfectants—Benzalkonium chloride, formalin/formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, ethanol, etc.
     Radiation—gamma or beta irradiation at 25 kGy (2.5 MRad) with unstabilized plastic.
[6]. “Yes” indicates the resin has been determined to be non-cytotoxic, based on USP and ASTM biocompatibility testing standards utilizing an MEM elution technique with WI38 human diploid lung cell line.
[7]. Resins meet requirements of CFR21 section of Food Additives Amendment of the Federal Food and Drug Act. End users are responsible for validation of compliance for specific containers used in conjunction with their particular applications.
[8]. Acceptable for:
   - Nonacid, aqueous products; may contain salt, sugar, or both (pH above 5.0)
   - Dairy products and modifications; oil-in-water emulsions, high or low fat
   - Moist bakery products with surface containing no free fat or oil
   - Dry solids with the surfaces containing no free fat or oil (no end-test required) and under all conditions as described in Table 2 of FDA Regulation 177.1520 except condition A—high-temperature sterilization (e.g. over 100°C/212°F)
[12]. Ratings based on 5-minute tests using 600 watts of power on exposed, empty labware. CAUTION: Do not exceed Max. Use Temp., or expose labware to chemicals which heating will cause to attack the plastic or be rapidly absorbed.

For assistance choosing products appropriate for your application, please speak with a Nalgene Technical Support Representative team by phone at +1-585-586-8800 or (1-800-625-4327 US toll free), or email your request to technicalsupport@thermofisher.com.

In Austria, France, Germany, Ireland, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom please contact technical support by phone at +800-1234-9696 (toll free) or +49-6184-90-6321, or email your request to techsupport.labproducts.eu@thermofisher.com.

Regulatory support: For regulatory documentation of product or material claims, please contact Nalgene Regulatory Support at RocRegSupport@thermofisher.com.