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苯酚萃取是分子生物学实验室最常用的操作之一,它可以去除核酸样本分离过程中的蛋白质,纯化酶促反应后的核酸,如在转录模板制备过程中去除限制性酶。
多米尼加
- Add an equal volume of a 1:1 phenol: chloroform solution to the aqueous sample and vortex for 1–2 minutes (longer for larger volumes) creating an emulsion. 请注意:由于DNA在酚溶液中涡旋振荡时易被剪切,因此分离基因组DNA需要温和混匀。 高速离心2分钟 (体积较大时为10分钟)。 小心将水溶液或上层移至新离心管内,避免碰到界面上的絮状物。 尽管絮状物有时也存在于水相层中,但应避免吸到这些含有蛋白质及其他碎片的絮状物。
- 为获得最佳回收效果,可以对酚进行反萃取,获取界面上残留的水相物。 反萃取时应加入等体积的水相缓冲液至酚溶液中。 对溶液进行涡旋振荡、离心并按上述方法吸取水相层。 然后将两份水溶液混合沉淀后浓缩提取核酸。
Don't
- Don't simply invert the extraction a few times, because inadequate mixing results in insufficient removal of contaminating proteins. (Inversion is only an efficient extraction means if it is done over a period of several hours, as with genomic DNA.)
- Don't be tempted to completely remove the aqueous layer. 提取的目的是去除污染蛋白质、脂质和碳水化合物,它们也会存在于界面近水相层中。
- 如果采用基因组DNA样本,切勿涡旋振荡。 应将样本反复温和地上下颠倒几个小时,确保充分混匀并保持DNA链的完整性。
Tip
- To avoid interface material, set your pipettor to only remove 80–90% of the aqueous phase in the initial extraction. Use a back extraction to dilute and recover the remaining 10–20% of the aqueous phase.
采用酚进行大量提取时 (10 ml及以上),置于冰上短暂孵育 (5分钟) 有助于压缩界面上的残留物。
在盐/EtOH沉淀后采用乙醇冲洗,去除核酸沉淀中的残留盐分。 The wash employs 70-80% EtOH which will solubilize salts but not nucleic acids.
多米尼加
- Add 70–80% EtOH to the nucleic acid pellet. 必须至少覆盖沉淀,并在涡旋振荡时润湿管壁 (无体积上限)。 将样本涡旋振荡1分钟;沉淀应从管上分离并被EtOH破坏。 Centrifuge the sample 10–30 minutes, to recollect the pellet. 弃去EtOH。
Don't
- Don't just add the EtOH and immediately decant. 应涡旋振荡沉淀,使EtOH渗入样本并溶解盐分。
- 切勿忘记重新离心! 沉淀必须重新紧固地粘附于管内,确保吸取时不损失。
双吸是去除沉淀后最后残留的EtOH上清液的有效方法。 它是一个快速离心和吸取过程,确保去除可能干扰实验下游步骤的沉淀上清液 (如管壁上)。 We recommend it in Ambion's RPA III™ protocol, and for RNA probe template preparation.
多米尼加
- After pelleting the precipitation, aspirate the precipitation supernatant off the nucleic acid pellet. Follow immediately with a quick 1–2 second centrifugation and aspirate again.
可以采用注射器或与真空源相连的抽拉式巴氏吸管吸取。 抽拉式巴氏吸管还可与吸球配合使用。 抽拉式巴氏吸管的制作方法是,用火焰软化移液管吸头,用钳子将吸头拉出,在最窄处断开,并进行火焰抛光 (如需要)。
- 倾斜离心管,将沉淀朝上,从底部吸取。
Don't
- Don't let the tubes sit very long between aspirations as the pellet may come loose.
在RNA分离和纯化过程中,通常需要沉淀样本。 Resolubilizing the RNA pellet after precipitation can be time-consuming and the presence of proteins or other contaminants can make it difficult.
多米尼加
- After precipitation, perform double aspiration as above and air dry for 5-10 minutes.
- 尽可能使用最大的溶质体积,以增加溶解度。 在Ambion,我们认为沉淀越潮湿越易溶解。
Don't
- Don't dry by vacuum centrifuge (speed vac).
Tip
- To aid resolubilization of overdried RNA, store the RNA pellet and solute together overnight at -80°C. The freeze-thaw process helps in subsequent solubilization.
来源于Ambion的技术说明通讯4:4, © 1998
仅供研究使用。 不得用于人类或动物的治疗或诊断用途。
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