AKT Signaling Pathway
AKT is a serine/threonine kinase that is involved in mediating various biological responses, such as inhibition of apoptosis.
Browse all cell signaling pathways
Cell signaling pathways can be generally categorized into groups based on area of biology. Here, you can explore all available pathways, including those that fall under a variety of areas of biology—from angiogenesis and apoptosis to bone biology, metabolism, transcription factors, and others.
Angiopoietin-TIE2 Signaling
The angiopoietins are a new family of growth factor ligands that bind to TIE2/TEK RTK (Receptor Tyrosine Kinase).
Antigen Processing and Presentation by MHCs
Antigen processing and presentation are the processes that result in association of proteins with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules for recognition by a T-cell.
Apoptosis Through Death Receptors
Certain cells have unique sensors, termed death receptors (DRs), which detect the presence of extracellular death signals and rapidly ignite the cell's intrinsic apoptosis machinery.
APRIL Pathway
In immune responses, APRIL acts as a co-stimulator for B-cell and T-cell proliferation and supports class switch.
B-Cell Development Pathway
In immune responses, APRIL acts as a co-stimulator for B-cell and T-cell proliferation and supports class switch.
B-Cell Receptor Complex
The B-cell receptor (BCR) complex usually consists of an antigen-binding subunit that is composed of two Ig heavy chains, two Ig light chains, and a signaling subunit.
BMP Pathway
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a large subclass of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily.
Cancer Immunoediting
The immune system attempts to constrain tumor growth, but sometimes tumor cells might escape or attenuate this immune pressure.
CCR5 Pathway in Macrophages
C-C motif chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) is a member of the chemokine receptor subclass of the G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily.
CD4 and CD8 T-Cell Lineage
Each mature T-cell generally retains expression of the co-receptor molecule (CD4 or CD8) that has a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-binding property that matches that of its T-cell receptor (TCR).
Cellular Apoptosis Pathway
Apoptosis is a naturally occurring process by which a cell is directed to programmed cell death.
CTL-Mediated Apoptosis
The cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), also known as killer T-cells, are produced during cell-mediated immunity designed to remove body cells displaying a foreign epitope.
CTLA4 Signaling Pathway
The co-stimulatory CTLA4 pathway attenuates or down-regulates T-cell activation. CTLA4 is designed to remove body cells displaying a foreign epitope.
Cytokine Network
Cytokines have been classified on the basis of their biological responses into pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines, depending on their effects on immunocytes.
ErbB Family Pathway
The ErbB family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) plays an important role during the growth and development of organs.
Fas Signaling
FAS (also called APO1 or CD95) is a death domain–containing member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily.
FGF Pathway
One of the most well characterized modulators of angiogenesis is the heparin-binding fibroblast growth factor (FGF).
Granulocyte Adhesion and Diapedesis
Adhesion and diapedesis of granulocytes have mostly been analyzed in context to non-lymphoid endothelium.
Granzyme Pathway
Granzyme A (GzmA) activates a caspase-independent cell death pathway with morphological features of apoptosis.
GSK3 Signaling
GSK3 is a ubiquitously expressed, highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase found in all eukaryotes.
Hematopoiesis from Multipotent Stem Cells
Hematopoietic stem cells are classified into long-term, short-term and multipotent progenitors, based on the extent of their self-renewal abilities.
Hematopoiesis from Pluripotent Stem Cells
Pluripotent stem cells are capable of forming virtually all of the possible tissue types found in human beings.
ICos-ICosL Pathway in T-Helper Cells
IL-2 is a cytokine that stimulates the growth, proliferation, and differentiation of T-cells, B-cells, NK cells, and other immune cells.
IL-2 Gene Expression in Activated and Quiescent T-Cells
IL-2 is a cytokine that stimulates the growth, proliferation, and differentiation of T-cells, B-cells, NK cells, and other immune cells.
IL-6 Pathway
IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine that affects the immune system and many physiological events in various organs.
IL-10 Pathway
IL-10 is a pleiotropic cytokine with important immunoregulatory functions and whose activities influence many immune cell types.
IL-22 Pathway
IL-22 is a member of the IL-10 family of cytokines and exerts multiple effects on the immune system.
Interferon Pathway
Interferons are pleiotropic cytokines best known for their ability to induce cellular resistance to viral infection.
JAK/STAT Pathway
The JAK/STAT pathway is a signaling cascade whose evolutionarily conserved roles include cell proliferation and hematopoiesis.
MAPK Family Pathway
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) belong to a large family of serine/threonine protein kinases that are conserved in organisms as diverse as yeast and humans.
Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency
NANOG is a transcription factor transcribed in pluripotent stem cells and is down-regulated upon cell differentiation.
p53-Mediated Apoptosis Pathway
Tumor protein p53 is a nuclear transcription factor that regulates the expression of a wide variety of genes involved in apoptosis, growth arrest, or senescence in response to genotoxic or cellular stress.
Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic symmetric polyarticular joint disease that primarily affects the small joints of the hands and feet.
PI3K Signaling in B Lymphocytes
The phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) regulate numerous biological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, survival, proliferation, migration, and metabolism.
RANK Pathway
RANKL and its receptor RANK are key regulators of bone remodeling, and are essential for the development and activation of osteoclasts.
RANK Signaling in Osteoclasts
RANKL induces the differentiation of osteoclast precursor cells and stimulates the resorption function and survival of mature osteoclasts.
TGF-Beta Pathway
Members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta family play an important role in the development, homeostasis, and repair of most tissues.
THC Differentiation Pathway
T-helper cells of type 1 (TH1) and type 2 (TH2) are derived from T-helper cells and provide help to cells of both the innate and adaptive immune systems.
TNF Signaling Pathway
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a multifunctional pro-inflammatory cytokine with effects on lipid metabolism, coagulation, insulin resistance, and endothelial function.
TNF Superfamily Pathway
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily consists of 19 members that signal through 29 receptors that are members of the TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamily.
Transendothelial Migration of Leukocytes
Transport of plasma proteins and solutes across the endothelium involves two different routes: transcellular and paracellular junctions.
Tumoricidal Effects of Hepatic NK Cells
The liver is a major site for the formation and metastasis of tumors.
TWEAK Pathway
TWEAK is a cell surface-associated protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily and has multiple biological activities.
VEGF Family of Ligands and Receptor Interactions
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a highly-conserved genetic pathway that has evolved from simple to complex systems.
Antibodies Resource Library
Access a targeted collection of scientific application notes, methods, and cell signaling charts.
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.