T cell function is dependent upon and controlled by a variety of inducible structures that may have stimulatory (ICOS, OX40, and 4-1BB) or inhibitory (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen [CTLA-4/CD152], B and T lymphocyte attenuator [BTLA/CD272]) potential. Some of these receptors act as either immune inhibitors or activators depending upon the stimulatory environment.
Most co-stimulatory and inhibitory molecules are organized into two families based upon their sequence similarities. The Ig superfamily includes the co-stimulatory receptor, CD28 and inducible costimulator (ICOS/CD278), and the inhibitory receptors, (CD152), programmed cell death-1 (PD-1/CD279), CD272 and CD160. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily includes the co-stimulatory receptors CD40, CD134 (OX40), and herpes virus entry mediator (CD270 HVEM).
Co-stimulation - Receptor - Ligand Quick Guide
| Receptor | Human FG Ab Cat. No. | Mouse FG Ab Cat. No. | Family | Expression | Signal | Ligand | Human FG Ab Cat. No. | Mouse FG Ab Cat. No. | Ligand Expression |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CD2 | 16-0029 | 16-0021 | IgSF | T, B and NK cells | + | CD58 (LFA-3) | - - | - - | Hematopoietic, non-hematopoietic cells |
| CD4 | 16-0049 | 16-0041 | IgSF | T subset and Macro/ Mono | + and - | MHC class II (I-A/I-E) | - - | 16-5321 | B, Marco/Mono, DC and human T cells |
| CD28 | 16-0289 | 16-0281 | IgSF | T cells | + | CD80 (B7-1) CD86 (B7-2) | 16-0809 16-0869 | 16-0801 16-0861 16-0862 | B, Macro/Mono, DC and activated T cells |
| CD152 (CTLA-4) | 16-1529 | 16-1521 | IgSF | B and activated T cells | - | CD80 (B7-1) CD86 (B7-2) | 16-0809 16-0869 | 16-0801 16-0861 16-0862 | B, Marco/Mono, DC and activated T cells |
| CD160 | 1609 (clone BY55) | 16-1601 | IgSF | T, NK and NKT cells | - | CD270 (HVEM) MHC class I (H-2Db) | 5969 (clone HVEM-122) 9958 (clone A4) | 5962 (clone LH1) 16-5957 16-5999 | T, B, DC, Macro/Mono and NK cells |
| CD223 (Lag-3) | 16-2231 | IgSF | Activated T, B and NK cells | - | MHC class II (I-A/I-E) | - - | 16-5321 | B, Marco/Mono, DC and human T cells | |
| CD244 (2B4) | 16-5838 16-2449 | 244F4 | IgSF | NK, T subset, Basophils and Macro/Mono | + and - | CD48 | 16-0489 | 16-0481 | Most leukocytes |
| CD272 (BTLA) | 16-5979 | 16-5950 | IgSF | Activated T, Th1, B and DC cells | - | CD270 (HVEM) | 5969 (clone HVEM-122) | 5962 (clone LH1) | T, B, DC, Macro/Mono and NK cells |
| CD274 (B7-H1/PD-L1) | - - | - - | IgSF | B, Marco/Mono, DC, T and NK cells | - | CD80 (B7-1) | 16-0809 | 16-0801 | B, Macro/Mono, DC and activated T cells |
| CD278 (ICOS) | 16-9948 | 16-9942 16-9949 | IgSF | Activated T, Th2 and NKT cells | + | CD275 (B7-H2, ICOS-L) | 16-5889 | 16-5985 | B, Marco/Mono, DC and endothelial cells |
| CD279 (PD-1) | 16-9989 | 16-5982 16-9985 | IgSF | Activated T, activated B, DC and Macro/Mono | - | CD274 (B7-H1, PD-L1) CD273 (B7-DC, PD-L2) | 16-5983 16-5888 | 16-9982 16-5986” | B, Marco/Mono, DC, T and NK, Marco/Mono and DC cells |
| TIM3 | 3109 (clone F38-2E2) | 16-5871 | IgSF | T, B, DC, Macro/Mono and NK cells | - | Galectin 9 | - - | - - | T, Treg and others |
| CD27 | 16-0271 16-0272 | 16-0271 16-0272 | TNFRSF | T, B subset, NK subset and HSC | + | CD70 | - - | 16-0701 | Activated T, B and DC cells |
| CD30 | 0309 (clone Ber-H2) | 16-0301 | TNFRSF | Activated T, B and NK cells | + | CD153 (CD30L) | - - | 16-1531 | B and activated T cells |
| CD134 (OX40) | 1347 (clone ACT-35) | 16-1341 | TNFRSF | Activated T, B, DC and Marco/Monos | + (- for Treg) | CD252 (OX40 Ligand) | - - | 16-5905 | Activated T, Treg, NKT, NK and neutrophils |
| CD137 (4-1BB) | 1379 (clone 4B4) | 16-1371 | TNFRSF | Activated T, Macro/ Mono, DC and NK cells | + | CD137 Ligand (4-1BBL) | - - | 16-5901 | B, DC and Macro/Mono |
| CD154 (CD40L) | 16-1548 | 16-1541 | TNFRSF | Activated T, B and platelets cells | + | CD40 | 16-0409 | 16-0402 | B, DC, Macro/Mono and endothelial cells |
| CD270 (HVEM) | 5969 (clone HVEM-122) | 5962 (clone LH1) | TNFRSF | T, B, DC, Macro/Mono, and NK cells | + | CD258 (LIGHT) CD272 (BTLA) CD160 | 2589 (clone 7-3) 16-5979 1609 (clone BY55) | - - 16-5950 16-1601 | Activated T and B, DC, Marco/Monos and NK cells |
| CD357 (GITR) | 5875 (clone AITR) | 16-5874 | TNFRSF | Activated T, Treg and NK cells | + | GITR Ligand | - - | 5854 (clone YGL 386) | B, DC, Macro/Mono and endothelial cells |
| Lymphotoxin β Receptor | - - | 16-5671 | TNFRSF | DC, Macro/Mono and stromal cells | + | CD258 (LIGHT) LTαβ | 2589 (clone 7-3) - - | - - - - | Activated T and B, DC, Marco/Monos and NK cells |
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