TALEN-Based Genome Editing Support—Troubleshooting

Reason

Solution

Single-stranded (ss) oligonucleotide designed incorrectly

Make sure that each ss oligonucleotide contains the 4 nucleotides on the 5’ end required for cloning into the GeneArt Cleavage Selection vector:

Top strand includes AATT on the 5’ end

Bottom strand includes CTAG on the 5’ end

Double-stranded (ds) oligonucleotides were degraded

Store the 50 nM ds oligonucleotide stock in 1X ligation buffer at –20°C

Avoid repeat freeze/thaw cycles, aliquot 50 nM ds oligonucleotides stock and store at –20°C

Oligonucleotide annealing reaction was inefficient

Ensure that the annealing reaction was performed as directed

If ambient temperature is >25°C, incubate the annealing reaction in a 25°C incubator

DNA band appearance

Possible cause

Recommendation

Smear

Lysate is too concentrated

Dilute lysate 2-fold to 4-fold and repeat the PCR reaction.

Too faint

Lysate is too dilute

Double the amount of lysate in the PCR reaction. Do not use more than 4 µL of lysate in the PCR reaction. Lysate can inhibit the PCR reaction.

Disparity in band intensity between amplicons

Lysate concentrations vary between samples

Purify the PCR products with Invitrogen™ PureLink™ PCR Purification Kit. For best results in comparing samples, purify PCR and use the same quantity of DNA in each cleavage assay; 50 ng to 100 ng of DNA is enough for each reaction.

No PCR product

Poor PCR primer design or GC-rich region

Redesign primers that are 18–22 bp, have 45–60% GC content, and a 52–58°C T_m range. For GC-rich regions, add 1–10 µL of 360 GC Enhancer in a 50 µL reaction and repeat the PCR amplification.

Problem

 Possible cause

Recommendation

No cleavage band visible

Nucleases unable to access target sequence or unable to cleave at target site.

Transfection efficiency too low.

Design new targeting strategy at nearby sequences.

Genomic modification too low.

Optimize transfection protocol.

Omitted denaturing and reannealing step.

Use Kit Control Template and Primers to verify the kit components and protocol

Difficulty in analyzing gel data

Background interferes with the measurements of cleaved bands.

Redesign the PCR primers to product a distinct cleaved binding pattern.

Nonspecific cleavage bands

Intricate mutations at the target site.

Digestion incubation too long.

Too much Detection Enzyme added.

Nonspecific cleavage by Detection Enzyme for certain target loci.

Redesign PCR primers to amplify target sequence. 

Use lysate from mock transfected cells or cells transfected with irrelevant plasmids as negative control to distinguish background from specific cleavage.